动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,

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动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,主动形式表被动意义1.动词bear(适宜于),deserve(应受到),need

动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,
动词主动表被动的情况
有哪些情况,那些词,

动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,
主动形式表被动意义

1. 动词bear(适宜于), deserve(应受到), need(需要), require(需要), stand(忍受), want(需要)等后面接动名词时,该动名词通常用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
His sufferings don't bear thinking about. 他受的苦难简直不堪回首.
The desk needs repairing. 课桌需要修理.
The flowers want watering. 花需要浇水.
The man deserves punishing. 他这个人是罪有应得.
注:其中有的动词也可直接跟不定式的被动式.如:
The man deserves to be punished.
The desk needs to be repaired.
The flowers want to be watered.
2. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
I have a lot of work to do now. 我有很多事要做.
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么.
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读.
注意:如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字).(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字).(指请人打字)
3. 形容词cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, fit, good, funny, heavy, important, interesting, nice等接不定式做状语时,不定式的主动形式表被动意义.如:
This wine is pleasant to drink. 这种葡萄酒很好喝.
A bicycle is cheap to run. 使用自行车是很经济的.
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答.
4. 形容词worth后接动名词时,该动名词要用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读.
There's never anything worth watching on TV. 电视上从来没有值得看的节目.
5. 在too…to do 结构中,不定式的主动形式表被动意义.如:
The text is too difficult to understand. 这篇课文难以理解.
6. 表示感觉或变化的feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn, prove, get等系动词的主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The dish smells nice. 这道菜气味好闻.
His words prove true. 他的话证明是真的.
7. 由及物动词转类而来的不及物动词catch, close, lock, open, read, sell, wash, wear, write的主动形式表示被动意义,而且它们的状语一般是表示效果或程度的副词,如:well, easily, smoothly.如:
The cloth washes easily. 这种布容易洗.
The pen writes fluently. 这支笔写起来流利.
8. 动词let, blame的不定式做表语时,它的主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The house is to let. 这座房子出租.
He can’t be to blame. 他不能受责备.
9. There be结构中的不定式做定语时,主动形式表被动意义.如:
In the past, there were too many people to feed. 在过去需要养起来的人太多了.
There are many clothes to wash today. 今天要洗的衣服太多了.
10. 某些动词(如build, burn, cook, print, make等)的进行时,可用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The house is building. 房子正在建.
The book is printing. 书正在印刷.

关于主动形式表示被动意义

1. 连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式.如:
The building looks very beautiful. 这座建筑看上去很美.
Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的.
2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上.
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快.
3. 有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义.如:
Her coat caught on the nail. 她的大衣被钉子钩住了.
Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪.
4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动.如:
Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢?
The house is to let. 此屋出租.
5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂.
The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听.
The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的.
注:这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动.这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等.
6. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗.
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么.
注:若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字).(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字).(指请人打字)
7. 在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式).如:
The writing is too faint to read. 这笔迹太模糊,看不清.
These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢,不能用作站台.
be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动.如:
This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看.
She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气.
注:与worth相似的worthy却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of),且要用被动式表示被动含义:
This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读.
9. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了.
These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看.
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了.
注:该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动.如:
The house needs to be cleaned. 房子需要打扫了.
These children require to be looked after. 这些孩子需要照看.

1、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young s...

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1、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)
Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)
He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式; 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如
difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient(便利的,方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等,不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。
4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁负责?
You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。
The house is to let.此房出租。
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如:
The door won''t open.这门打不开。
It can''t move.它不能动。
7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。
The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。
8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。
What is to do? 做什么?
Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。
I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
Exercises: choose the best choice.
1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____.
A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
2. The food _____ easily and sells _____.
A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good
3. The windows of the building can’t _____.,
A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed
Key: 1-3 CAB

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