怎样写好一篇论文,关于社会道德的,3000字左右

怎样写好一篇论文,关于社会道德的,3000字左右
怎样写好一篇论文,关于社会道德的,3000字左右

怎样写好一篇论文,关于社会道德的,3000字左右
论文的格式跟议论文差不多,就是多了两个：关键词,摘要.关键在你的论点,然后什么论证你的论点,你的论文内容需战国时期"公","私"由人指向社会观念的拓展
甲骨文中已有"公"字,其义仅指"先公"或地名,"私"字则未见.西周时期的"公"的使用逐渐广泛,从人指而扩展到属于公的物指和事指,并开始发展为有政治公共性含义的抽象概念.
所谓人指,即人的身份和个人.公是高级爵名,五等爵之首就是"公"(天子是否是爵名,有争论,这里不论).同时又是最高的官阶,《易·小过》:"公弋取彼在穴."王弼注:"公者,臣之极也."有些小官也冠以"公",如"公路","公行"等,是为公侯服务的小官."公"指个人则是以官爵称人,如周公,召公 ,鲁公等等.
物指是说属于"公"的各种事物,这类的名称颇杂,如"公族","公邑","公田","公廷","公堂","公所","公甸"等等.
事指是指与"公"相关的事情,行为,社会关系等.如"公事",《诗·召南·小星》:"肃肃宵征,夙夜在公."此处的"公"字即指"公事".《诗·召南·羔羊》:"退而自公,委蛇委蛇."此处的"公"指朝廷,国家,细究,也还有公侯的含义.
"私"在西周是一个表示身份,所有与个人情性的概念.
作为身份,指与"公"相对的人,可以是贵族,如卿大夫,大凡说到"私家",即指这些人;也可以是底层的一般人,如私属,仆役.《诗·大东》说:"私人之子,百僚是试."《诗·嵩高》:"王命傅御,迁其私人."毛注:"私人,私家人也."孔颖达疏:卿大夫"称其家臣为私人".
"私"的另一含义是"属于己"之谓.《诗·大田》:"雨我公田,遂及我私."这里的"私"指"私田".《诗·七月》:"言私其,献于公."《周礼·夏官·大司马》载打猎的收获,"大兽公之,小兽私之".此处的"公","私"都是名词作动词用,即"公有","私有".
私又指私情,私恩.《诗·小雅·楚茨》:"诸父兄弟,备言燕私."毛注:"燕而尽其私恩."
西周时期的公,私基本是社会身份为主,大体在具象范围内,到春秋战国时期"公","私"的含义像连续乘方一样大扩张.
先说"公".
就人的社会身份而言,"公"已从西周时期贵族的专称普及于社会.上层的诸侯贵族可泛称"公","王公","公侯","公卿","公大夫"等.中下级官僚的官名与爵位带"公"字的也多多,如"县公","公吏","公乘","公士"等;国家的编户民称为"公民","公徒"等;一般家庭的家长可称之为"家公",妻子称丈夫为"公",子称父为"公",人与人之间的敬称可称之为"公".
在社会事物上与"公"相连的词汇遍及各个方面.大致说来又可分为三种情况:一是与公侯主体相关的事物,如"公家","公室","公门","公宫","公所","公馆","公国","公财","公邑","公社","公席"等;二是与公侯有关联的国家,朝廷事物,如"公法","公举","公事","公仓","公货","公马","公币","公钱"等;三是社会公共事物,如 "公壤","公作","公器"等等.
这个时期最有新意的是由"公"字为核心组成的一系列社会价值和道德概念,诸如"至公","奉公","为公","徇公","用公","贵公","公道","公正","公直","公平","公心","公识","公理","公义","公信","公审","公察","公议","公是","公忠","公利","公功","公患","公过","公然"等等.
与"公"的含义扩张的同时,以"私"为核心的词组也同样成系列地被创造出来.诸如:
与"公家"相对的有:"私家","私门","私馆","私自","私利","私财","私藏","私属","私卒","私族"等.
表达个人情欲的如:"私欲","私心","私意","私好","私情"等.
表达个人道德与行为的如:"私善","私德","私廉","私恩","私惠","私道","私义","私荣","私为","私劳","私怨","行私","私行","私事","私求"等.
表达个人政治行为的如:"私奸","奸私","私党","私人之党","私朝","私威","私曲","私交","私请"等.
表达个人认识的如:"私言","私视","私听","私智","私虑","私议","私意","私名","私词","私术"等.
以公,私为核心组成的词组,其内容覆盖了社会生活的各个方面,说明公,私的极端重要.要查阅一些关于秦国的资料了,否则你很难写出漂亮的论文.