人教版初三英语unite3关于本单元需要掌握的被动语态.把构造写下.记住只是出现在本单元里的!

人教版初三英语unite3关于本单元需要掌握的被动语态.把构造写下.记住只是出现在本单元里的!
人教版初三英语unite3
关于本单元需要掌握的被动语态.把构造写下.记住只是出现在本单元里的!

人教版初三英语unite3关于本单元需要掌握的被动语态.把构造写下.记住只是出现在本单元里的!
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
(1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时,其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定,须将not提到主句.在翻译时,按汉语习惯译作否定从句.例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call.
特别提示
若把此类句式变成反意疑问句,其助动词及主语要根据从句确定,而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定.
We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他,不是吗?
I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生,对吗?
(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers,意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”.
知识拓展
数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来,可以构成一个合成形容词.常见的还有：
two-month holiday 两个月的假期
a sixty-pound stone 一块60磅的石头
(3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构,表示“使……被做”,“请人做……”.
Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧.
Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢?
2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意.
I agree. (P19)我同意.
(1)agree意为“赞成,同意”,用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用,也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句.
—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园,好吗?
—I agree. 我同意.
I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见.
Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗?
知识拓展
agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”,但用法不同.
◎agree with表示“同意”,后面接表示人的名词或代词,也可以接表示“意见,看法”的名词.
We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见.
Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗?
◎agree to表示“同意”,后面接表示“计划,建议,安排”等的名词,接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构.
He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划.
They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来.
◎agree on表示“（两人以上）就……取得一致意见,在……方面意见一致”,其主语多为复数形式,宾语是表示事、计划等的名词,而不是表示人的名词或代词,它可以与agree in doing sth替换.
They agreed on the plan.
=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致.
特别提示
agree with也可以表示“某人适应（食物、气候等）”.
The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气.
(2)disagree是agree的反义词,相当于not agree.
3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业.
本句中的instead of是复合介词,意思是“代替”,后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的.
I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本.
We went to swim instead of playing basketball.
我们没有去打篮球,而是去游泳了.
特别提示
副词instead和instead of意思相同,但用法却不同.instead意为“代替,顶替”,常位于句首或句末,可不译.
I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping.
我没有去看电影,我去购物了.
The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead.
这里的水不好,所以我改喝咖啡.
4. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人.
(1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句,用来修饰前面的someone.
The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲.
The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.
访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大.
(2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”,“不睡觉”的意思,相当于not go to bed.
He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚.
She promised the children they could stay up for homework.
她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业.
5. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾经担心过考试不及格吗?
fail表示考试“不及格”或“不通过”,相当于not pass.
I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想这次英语考试我可能不及格.
6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母对青少年不应该要求太严格.
形容词strict是“严格的”,“严厉的”的意思,对人严格时用介词with,对工作等严格时用介词in.
The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉.
He is always strict in his work. 他总是对工作要求很严格.
7. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天,我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度.
(1)the other day表示“几天以前,不久前的一天”.
I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天,我在街上看到了他.
Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 几天以前我和李明去购物了.
(3)本句中的get to意为“开始,着手”,后面接动词的-ing形式,表示“着手或开始做某事”.
We get to working after a short rest. 我们歇息了一会儿后就开始干起活来.
He got to wondering why he was in the job.
他对自己为什么会从事这份工作感到诧异.
8. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒,因此我们想穿自己的衣服.
(1)形容词smart意为“聪明的,机敏的,精明的”,相当于clever.
The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物.
He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气.
(2)would like意为“想要”,相当于want,后面接名词或动词不定式.
I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡.
I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.
我不想去看电影,我想呆在家里.
◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”.
I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业.
特别提示
feel like也可以译为“想要”,有时可以与would like替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing形式.
She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿.
I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影.
9. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我们老师相信,如果我们那样做了,我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上,而不是学习上.
(1)believe是及物动词,意为“相信”,其后可跟名词或从句.
I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事.
I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的.
◎believe in表示“信任”（即trust）.
She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝.
(2)在that if...的句中,that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句,而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句,we would...则是宾语从句中的主句.
We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.
我们都确信,如果他们准时到的话,就不会被雨淋了.
(3)动词concentrate常常构成concentrate(...)on sth,表示“专心致志（于某件事）,精神集中,全神贯注（做某事）”.
I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作.
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上.
10. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我们有时很吵,但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西.
(1)本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”.
We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语.
He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训.
◎learn to do sth“学习,学会做某事”.
I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子.
How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?
比尔•盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的?
短语链语
learn of“听到”,“获悉”.
He learned of the accident just now. 他刚才听到事故的消息.
(2)each other意为“互相”,通常指两者之间,在句中用作宾语、定语等；而one another意为“互相”,用来指两个以上的人或事物的相互关系.
You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解.
The two girls often help each other in their lessons.
这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助.
特别提示
在现代英语中,each other和one another在用法上没有什么区别,一般认为each other多用于非正式文体；而one another多用于较正式文体.
11. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天,我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者.
(1)本句中的volunteer是动词,表示“自愿做某事,当志愿者”等意思.
Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.
战争爆发时,成千上万的人当了志愿兵.
We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐.
特别提示
volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人,志愿者”.
This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱,全是由志愿人员完成的.
(2)local是形容词,意为“本地的,地方的”,在句中用作定语.
Following the national news we have the local news and weather.
国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报.
She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘.
特别提示
local用作名词时,通常用复数形式,意思是“本地人,当地人”.
The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友.
12. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题.
(1)本句中的reply意为“回答,应答”,一般只用作不及物动词,后面与to连用,表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”.
He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信.
How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢?
特别提示
reply严格地说是经过深思熟虑后,一一答复对方的问题或观点,故当以answer表示像answer the telephone这样一般性的应答时,不能用reply代替.
(2)in your last newsletter是介词短语,在句中用作定语,修饰article.
13. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. (P24)“我知道父母关心我,”他说.
本句中的care about为及物动词短语,意为“关心,在乎,介意”,其后接名词或代词,一般用于肯定句或疑问句.
The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人.
She didn’t care about anything people might say