如图
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如图如图如图1/y(1-πy)=1/y+π/(1-πy)所以,dy/y(1-πy)=dy/y+πdy/(1-πy)πdy/(1-πy)=d(πy)/(1-πy)=-d(-πy)/(1-πy)=-d(1
如图
如图
如图
1/y(1-πy) = 1/y + π/(1-πy)
所以,dy/y(1-πy) = dy/y + πdy/(1-πy)
πdy/(1-πy) = d(πy)/(1-πy) = -d(-πy)/(1-πy) = -d(1-πy)/(1-πy) = -In(1-πy)
∫[π/(1-πy)]dy
=∫[1/(1-πy)]d(πy)
=∫[-1/(1-πy)]d(1-πy)
=-ln(1-πy)