英语初三知识点

英语初三知识点
英语初三知识点

英语初三知识点
英语初三知识点

初三年级（上）
II. 重要句型
1. Whydon’t you do sth.?
2. makesb. Happy
3. borrowsth. from sb.
4. forgetto do sth.
5. payfro sth.
6. returnsth. To sb.
7...

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初三年级（上）
II. 重要句型
1. Whydon’t you do sth.?
2. makesb. Happy
3. borrowsth. from sb.
4. forgetto do sth.
5. payfro sth.
6. returnsth. To sb.
7. learnsth. from sb.
8. befamous for sth.
9. Nomatter what…
10. bewith sb.
III. 交际用语
1. --- Excuse me, have you got …?
--- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)
2. --- Why don’t you …?
--- Thanks, I will.
3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.)
--- You are welcome.
4. --- Have you ever done…?
--- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.)
5. --- I’ve just done…
--- Really?
6. ---What’s …like ?
7. --- How long have you been…?
--- Since…
8. --- Have you ever been to…?
--- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. )
9. --- Would you like to have a try?
--- I don’t think I can…
10. --- What have you done since…?
IV. 重要语法
1. 宾语从句
2. 现在完成时
3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：
【名师讲解】
1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。
Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。
“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗？”“也许不”。
(2) maybe相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能是…”。
It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。
The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。
2. borrow/lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。
We often borrow booksfrom our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。
I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。
borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。
You can borrow myrecorder for three days. ( 错误 )
I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )
(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。
Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。
He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。
lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的动作，不能与一段时间连用。
(3)keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时
间段连用。
You can keep my recorder for threedays.我的录音机你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。
(4)use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，使用”。
May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗？
He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“离开，留下”。
We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxilast week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。
(2)leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。
We will leave for Tibetnext month.我们将于下月去西藏。
The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
(1)since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。
He has been a worker since he came into this city.
自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .
自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见过他。
since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。
Since you are interested in it, just doit. 既然你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。
You can have fun now since you’vefinished your work.
既然你已经做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。
(2) for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，意思是“经过…”。
I have learned English for fiveyears.我已经学了五年英语了。
They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。
for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。
They missed the flight for they werelate.他们由于完到了而误了航班。
He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。
II. 重要句型
1.set one's mind to do sth.
2. put … together
3. stop…from…
4. keep…from…
5. be filled withsth.
6. give birth to
7. be covered with
8. be made of
9. fill…with…
10. match…with
III. 交际用语
1. ---I'm trying to…
2. --- I'll …
3. --- Which ofthese would you like most to …?
4. --- What do youwant to … ?
5. --- I want to…
6. --- I hope to …
7. --- I plan to…
8. --- I'm going to…
9. --- I'm so happythat …
10. --- I'm glad ….
IV. 重要语法
1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法；
2. 动词不定式的功能和用法。
【名师讲解】
1. be able to/can
(1) 都能表示“能够，具备干某件事的能力”这个含义，此时可以互换。
Mr. Green is able tofinish the work on time.
= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.
格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。
(2) beableto可以用于各种时态，而can为情态动词，多用于现在时，其过去式为could。
We are sure he will be able to be anartist when he grows up.
我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。
Miss Lin has been able to pay thecar by herself.
林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了。
(4) Can除了表示“能够，有能力做某事”以外，还有如下用法，而beableto则没有。表示请求，但语
气没有could委婉
Can I have a look atthis picture? 我能看看这张图片吗？
Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我们可以在下午6点之后再离开学校吗？
表示可能性。
That man can’t be ournew teacher. 那人不可能是我们的新老师。
The exam can’t be too difficult.考试不会太难。
2. bring/take/carry/fetch
(1) bring一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这里拿，翻译成“带来”。
He brought us some good news.他给我们带来了一些好消息。
Please don’t forget to bring yourhomework tomorrow.
明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来。
(2) take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿，翻译成“带走”。
Please take the umbrella with you. It’s going to rain.要下雨了，请把伞带上。
She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。
(3) carry不强调方向，表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。
They carried the boxes into thefactory. 他们把箱子搬进了工厂。
A taxi carried them to the station. 出租车送他们到了车站
(4) fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思，包含去和来两趟。
The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者为他们取来了一些苹果。
Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.妈妈为生病的儿子请来了医生。
3. whole/ all
(1) whole强调一个完整如一，互不分割的整体。
The whole country is sufferingthe war. 整个国家正遭遇战争。
I just want to know the whole story.我仅仅只想知道完整的故事。
whole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠词和指示代词的之后。
They will spend theirwhole holiday in Canada.
他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。（所有格后）
She has finished writing the whole book. 她已经写完了整本书。（冠词后
whole用来修饰可数名词（名词用单数）。
He ate the whole cake. 他把整个蛋糕都吃了。（强调整整一个蛋糕）
(2) all强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。
Miss Green knew all thestudents in the class.
格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人。（一个一个全认识）
all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠词和指示代词的之前。
Jim finished all hishomework in twenty minutes.
吉姆在20分钟之内完成了所有的作业。（所有格前）
Of all the boys here, he sings best.在这里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。（定冠词前）
The boy can answer all these questions.那个男孩能够回答所有的这些问题。（指示代词前）
all既能修饰可数名词（名词须用复数），又能修饰不可数名词。
All these five books are mine.这五本书都是我的。（修饰可数名词）
She was worried about her son all the time.她总在为她的儿子担心。（修饰不可数名词）
4. fill/ full
(1) fill常作动词，与with连用，意思是“注满、装满”，也能表示“填空；补缺”的意思。
He filled the box with chalk.他把粉笔装满了盒子。
The bucket is filled with water.水桶里装满了水。
(2)full是形容词，翻译成“满的，装满的”，常与of连用。此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃饱的，过饱的”。
All the rooms are full of people.所有的房间都满人了。
The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.这辆车人满了，他只有等下一辆。
5. be made of/ be made from/ be madein/ be made into
(1) be made of表示"由…制成", 一般指能够看出原材料，或发生的是物理变化。
This table cloth is made of paper.这张桌布是由纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2) be made from也表示"由…制成"，但一般指看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化。
Bread is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
(3) be made in指的是产地，意思为"于…制造"。
The caps are made in Russia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。
My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.
我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。
(4) be made into的意思为"被制成为…"。
This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。
The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。
【知识梳理】
II. 重要句型
1. be busy doing sth.
2. prefer to do sth.
3. regard... as...
4. be pleased with sth./sb.
5. be angry with sb.
III. 交际用语
1. ---How much does…cost …?
2. ---It can cost as little as … yuan and as much as … yuan.
3. ---It costs ….
4. ---It's worth ….
5. ---I don't agree with ….
6. ---I wasn't sure whether….
7. ---I wonder if ….
8. ---What size …?
9. ---Have you got any other colour / size / kind?
10. ---Have you got anything cheaper?
11. ---How much are they?
12. ---How much does it cost?
13. ---How much is it?
14. ---That's a bit expensive.
15. ---Even though they're a little expensive, I'll take them.
16. ---I'll think about ….
17. ---I don't think I'll take ….
18. ---I like ….
19. ---I don'treally like ….
20. ---Can I help you, girl?
21. ---Would you like me to look in the back?
22. ---We can find….
23. ---Do you likebeing …?
24. ---Can I askyou some questions?
25. ---Sure.
26. ---It wasgreat.
27. ---Wow!
28. ---Yeah!
29. ---Oh dear!
30. ---Hands up!
31. ---I’ll shootanyone who moves.
32. ---There’s noneed to thank me.
33. ---Can youremember anything else about him?
34. ---Come down,Polly!
35. ---There is a little trafficaccident．
36. ---There's a big traffic jam.
37. ---Well, I'm sure he'll be here before long.
38. ---I'm beginning to get angry with him!
39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let's go without him.
40. ---That's terrible!
41. ---That's a really bad excuse!
IV. 重要语法
1. 过去将来时
2. 过去完成时
3. 动词不定式
4. 定语从句
【名师讲解】
1.think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 单独使用时表示"思考"，接that 宾语从句时意为"认为"，"觉得"。
I am thinking how to work out theproblem.
I think she is a good student.
当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是"考虑……"。
I have thought about it for a longtime.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示"认为"，一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。
What do you think of the TV play? =How do you like the TV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容词都表示"大"，但侧重点及程度不同。
(1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了"，还可表示"伟大"，"重要"之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性，优越性；常用于抽象
或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有"伟大"，"大得令人吃惊"等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatestscientists.
3.cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示"花钱"，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。
It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan(in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主语是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格"高"，而cheap 与low涉及到价格"低"。
(1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高，货贵"时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如：
This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
These glass-products are notexpensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
注意：cheap表示"价廉"，"便宜的"，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：
The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示价格时，含义是"高"，low在表示价格时，含义是"低"，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只
能用在价格上。如：
The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。
下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：
(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是"孤单的；寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。
(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独；独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。

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